Hydraulic hose is a flexible tube used in hydraulic systems to transport hydraulic oil under pressure from one component to another. These are very important parts of any hydraulic circuit because the entire power transmission takes place through the liquid.

In simple words, hydraulic hoses are used where the use of pipes or tubes is not possible such as in areas with moving parts, vibrations, or complex machinery layouts.

Hydraulic hoses are widely used in both mobile hydraulic equipment and industrial hydraulic systems. Their ability to deliver reliable performance in a variety of operating conditions makes them essential in modern fluid power applications.

Why are hydraulic hoses needed?

Hydraulic systems frequently operate in equipment subject to constant movement, shock loads, and vibration. In such situations, rigid piping is not practical. Hydraulic hoses, because of their flexibility:

Hold out against machinery movement.
Absorbs system vibration
Simplify installation and maintenance
Enable routing in confined or complex spaces

Apart from this, hydraulic hoses also help balance dynamic loads and minor misalignments, which is extremely important, especially in high pressure hydraulic applications.

Structure of hydraulic hose

A hydraulic hose is not a simple rubber pipe, while an engineered product is made up of multiple layers.

Inner Tube – The inner tube is the core passage through which hydraulic fluid flows. It is manufactured from materials compatible with hydraulic oil to ensure long-term stability and resistance to fluid interaction.

Reinforcement Layer – This layer provides the hose with its pressure-carrying capability. Depending on the application, reinforcement may consist of steel wire braids or spiral-wound wire, which determine the hose’s strength and pressure rating.

Outer Cover – This outer layer protects the hose from abrasion, oil, weather, moisture, and other external influences.

The combination of all these layers gives the hose the necessary pressure integrity and ensures long-term performance under tough working conditions.

Key Functionality of Hydraulic Hose

A correctly selected hydraulic hose system will:

Ensures safe fluid transfer
Controls pressure loss
Reduces the risk of leakage
Improves system reliability

Properly manufactured hose assemblies aid in better hydraulic fluid transfer, thereby improving system efficiency and performance.

Hydraulic hoses based on pressure

Every hydraulic application has different pressure levels, so hoses are also available in different pressure ratings such as

Low Pressure Hoses – Typically used in return lines
Medium Pressure Hoses – Suitable for general hydraulic duties
High Pressure Hoses – Used in high-pressure circuits
Ultra High Pressure Hoses – Designed for specialized and heavy-duty systems

Importance of Wire Reinforcement

The strength of a hydraulic hose is largely determined by its wire reinforcement. Braided wire hoses offer greater flexibility for general applications, while spiral wire hoses are built for higher pressure and more demanding operating conditions.

Why correct hose selection is important

Choosing the wrong hydraulic hose can cause significant system failures.

Pressure failure
Fluid leakage
Machinery damage
Unexpected downtime

Therefore, it is important to take pressure, temperature, fluid type and application conditions into consideration while making the selection.

Hydraulic hoses are not just a connection medium for a system, but also a critical engineering component of its safety and performance.

Low Pressure Hydraulic Hoses

SAE 100 R3

SAE 100 R6

Low-pressure hydraulic hoses are designed to handle hydraulic systems with relatively low pressure requirements. These hoses are commonly used in applications where the operating pressure is moderate, and a more flexible and lightweight hose construction is suitable. Here are key features and characteristics of low-pressure hydraulic hoses:

Pressure Range:
- Low-pressure hydraulic hoses are intended for systems with working pressures typically ranging from 300 psi to 1,500 psi.
- The pressure ratings may vary based on the specific design and construction of the hose.
Inner Tube:
- The inner tube of low-pressure hydraulic hoses is usually made of synthetic rubber, such as Nitrile (NBR) or other materials that offer flexibility and resistance to hydraulic fluids.
- The inner tube is in direct contact with the hydraulic fluid, providing a barrier that is compatible with the specific fluid used in the system.
Reinforcement:
- The reinforcement layer of low-pressure hoses is typically composed of one or two layers of textile braids or spirals.
- While not as robust as high-pressure hoses, the reinforcement still provides strength and stability to the hose.
Outer Cover:
- The outer cover is made of synthetic rubber or a rubber-like compound that protects the hose from external factors such as abrasion, weather, and environmental elements.
- The outer cover also contributes to the overall durability of the hose.
Flexibility:
- Low-pressure hydraulic hoses are designed to be flexible, allowing for easy installation and maneuverability in hydraulic systems.
- The flexibility is especially useful in applications where the hose needs to navigate through tight spaces or around machinery.
Applications:
- Low-pressure hydraulic hoses find applications in various industries, including agriculture, construction, and general machinery.
- Common applications include hydraulic lines for equipment such as forklifts, tractors, and material handling machinery.
Temperature Range:
- Low-pressure hoses are designed to operate within a specific temperature range. The temperature range depends on the type of synthetic rubber used in the inner tube and outer cover.
- It’s important to select a hose with a temperature rating suitable for the application environment.
Cost-Effective:
- Due to their simpler construction and lower pressure requirements, low-pressure hydraulic hoses are often more cost-effective compared to high-pressure hoses.

Medium Pressure Hydraulic Hoses

SAE 100 R1

SAE 100 R2

Medium-pressure hydraulic hoses are designed to handle hydraulic systems with moderate pressure requirements. These hoses are commonly used in applications where the operating pressure falls within a moderate range, and a balance between flexibility and pressure resistance is needed. The pressure ratings for medium-pressure hoses typically range from 1,500 psi to 5,000 psi. Here are some common types of medium-pressure hydraulic hoses:

Spiral-Wire Reinforced Hoses:
- These hoses feature multiple layers of high-tensile steel wire spirals in their construction for added strength.
- The spiral reinforcement provides flexibility and allows the hose to handle moderate to high pressures.
- Commonly used in construction, agriculture, and industrial applications.
Braided Hoses:
- Braided hoses have a single or double layer of high-tensile steel wire braids for reinforcement.
- They provide good flexibility while maintaining moderate pressure resistance.
- Suitable for applications in general hydraulic systems and mobile equipment.
Textile-Reinforced Hoses:
- These hoses have textile reinforcement layers, often made of high-strength synthetic fibers.
- While not as robust as steel reinforcement, textile-reinforced hoses are flexible and cost-effective.
- Commonly used in lower-pressure hydraulic systems in various industries.
Compact Hoses:
- Compact hoses are designed with a more compact structure, making them suitable for applications with space constraints.
- They often feature high-tensile steel wire reinforcement and are known for their flexibility and ease of installation.
Multi-Spiral Hoses:
- Multi-spiral hoses have multiple layers of high-tensile steel wire spirals for enhanced strength and pressure resistance.
- They are suitable for applications requiring high-pressure performance.
- Commonly used in construction, mining, and heavy machinery.
Constant Working Pressure Hoses:
- Constant working pressure hoses are designed to maintain a consistent pressure rating across various sizes.
- They simplify system design by eliminating the need to select different hoses for different pressure requirements.
Thermoplastic Hoses:
- Thermoplastic hoses are made from synthetic materials and feature high-tensile fiber reinforcement.
- They are known for their lightweight construction, flexibility, and resistance to abrasion.
- Commonly used in mobile equipment and hydraulic tool applications.
Low Temperature Hoses:
- Low-temperature hydraulic hoses are designed to operate in colder environments, providing flexibility and performance at lower temperatures.
- They are suitable for applications in industries such as construction, agriculture, and material handling.

Medium-pressure hydraulic hoses are versatile and find applications in various industries, including construction, agriculture, material handling, and manufacturing. When selecting a medium-pressure hose, factors such as pressure ratings, temperature compatibility, fluid requirements, and industry standards should be considered to ensure optimal performance and safety.

High Pressure Hydraulic Hoses

SAE 100 R9

SAE 100 R12

SAE 100 R13

High-pressure hydraulic hoses are specifically designed to handle hydraulic systems with elevated pressure requirements. These hoses are crucial for applications where the hydraulic fluid must be transmitted at high pressures to operate machinery or equipment effectively. The pressure ratings for high-pressure hoses typically range from 5,000 psi to well over 10,000 psi. Here are some common types of high-pressure hydraulic hoses:

Wire-Reinforced Hoses:
- High-pressure hoses often feature wire reinforcement to withstand the intense pressure levels.
- Single-wire, double-wire, and even multiple-wire braids or spirals provide strength and flexibility.
- These hoses are used in various industries, including construction, mining, and heavy machinery.
Spiral-Wire Reinforced Hoses:
- High-pressure hoses with multiple layers of high-tensile steel wire spirals are designed to handle extreme pressure conditions.
- They offer increased strength and flexibility, making them suitable for demanding applications.
- Commonly used in construction, oil and gas, and industrial settings.
Ultra-High-Pressure Hoses:
- These hoses are engineered to handle extremely high-pressure conditions, often exceeding 10,000 psi.
- They feature advanced reinforcement technologies to provide the necessary strength and flexibility.
- Commonly used in hydraulic jacking systems, high-pressure cleaning, and other specialized applications.
Thermoplastic Hoses:
- High-pressure thermoplastic hoses are made from synthetic materials and feature high-tensile fiber reinforcement.
- They are lightweight, flexible, and resistant to abrasion, making them suitable for various high-pressure applications.
- Used in mobile equipment, hydraulic tools, and other demanding environments.
Constant Working Pressure Hoses:
- Constant working pressure hoses maintain a consistent pressure rating across different sizes, simplifying system design.
- They are available in various constructions, such as wire-braided or spiral-wire reinforcement.
- Commonly used in construction, manufacturing, and industrial machinery.
Compact Hoses:
- Compact hoses are designed with a more compact structure to fit in tight spaces while maintaining high-pressure capabilities.
- They often feature high-tensile steel wire reinforcement for strength.
- Used in mobile equipment and hydraulic systems with limited space.
Metal Hoses:
- High-pressure metal hoses are constructed with a flexible metal tube and outer braided layers.
- They provide durability and resistance to extreme temperatures and corrosive environments.
- Commonly used in high-temperature hydraulic systems.
High-Temperature Hoses:
- High-pressure hoses designed to operate in elevated temperature conditions without compromising performance.
- Suitable for applications where both high pressure and high temperature are factors.

Selecting the right high-pressure hydraulic hose involves considering factors such as pressure ratings, temperature compatibility, fluid requirements, and industry standards. Regular inspections and adherence to maintenance guidelines are crucial to ensure the integrity and safety of high-pressure hydraulic systems.

Ultra High Pressure Hydraulic Hoses

Ultra-high-pressure hydraulic hoses are designed to handle extremely high-pressure conditions, typically exceeding 10,000 psi. These hoses are used in applications where hydraulic systems demand exceptionally high pressure for various industrial processes. Here are key characteristics and considerations for ultra-high-pressure hydraulic hoses:

Pressure Ratings:
- Ultra-high-pressure hoses are engineered to handle pressure levels well beyond those of standard high-pressure hoses.
- Pressure ratings can range from 10,000 psi to over 40,000 psi, depending on the specific application and industry requirements.
Reinforcement:
- The reinforcement layer of ultra-high-pressure hoses is typically composed of multiple layers of high-tensile steel wire spirals or braids.
- The advanced reinforcement design provides the necessary strength to withstand extreme pressure conditions.
Construction Materials:
- The inner tube and outer cover of ultra-high-pressure hoses are often made from specialized materials that can withstand the demanding conditions of high-pressure hydraulic systems.
- Materials such as synthetic rubber, thermoplastic, or other high-performance compounds are used to ensure flexibility, durability, and resistance to hydraulic fluids.
Applications:
- Ultra-high-pressure hydraulic hoses find applications in specialized industries and processes, including water jetting, hydraulic jacking systems, high-pressure cleaning, and certain industrial manufacturing processes.
- These hoses are used in situations where the force generated by the hydraulic fluid is critical for specific tasks.
Fittings and End Connections:
- Ultra-high-pressure hoses require specialized fittings and end connections designed to handle the extreme pressures.
- The fittings are carefully engineered to ensure a secure connection and prevent leaks or failures under high-pressure conditions.
Flexibility:
- Despite their robust construction, efforts are made to maintain a certain level of flexibility in ultra-high-pressure hoses to facilitate installation and maneuverability in the application environment.
Standards Compliance:
- Manufacturers of ultra-high-pressure hoses adhere to industry standards and regulations to ensure the quality, safety, and performance of their products.
- Standards from organizations such as SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) and ISO (International Organization for Standardization) may be relevant.
Safety Considerations:
- Due to the extreme pressures involved, safety is paramount when working with ultra-high-pressure hydraulic systems.
- Proper training, equipment, and adherence to safety guidelines are essential to prevent accidents and injuries.

Ultra-high-pressure hydraulic hoses are critical components in specialized industrial applications where the ability to generate and control extremely high pressure is crucial. Proper selection, installation, and maintenance are vital to ensure the reliability and safety of ultra-high-pressure hydraulic systems.

Super High Pressure Hydraulic Hoses

“Super high-pressure” is a term used to describe hydraulic hoses designed to handle pressures beyond what is considered typical for high-pressure hoses. These hoses are engineered for extremely demanding applications where the hydraulic system operates at pressures exceeding the capabilities of standard high-pressure hoses. The term “super high-pressure” is not standardized, and pressure ratings can vary between manufacturers and specific hose models. However, super high-pressure hoses often refer to those designed to handle pressures significantly higher than 10,000 psi.

Here are some key characteristics and considerations for super high-pressure hydraulic hoses:

Pressure Ratings:
- Super high-pressure hydraulic hoses are designed to withstand pressure levels well above the standard high-pressure range.
- Pressure ratings can exceed 20,000 psi and may go up to 40,000 psi or more, depending on the specific application and industry requirements.
Reinforcement:
- The reinforcement layer of super high-pressure hoses typically consists of multiple layers of high-tensile steel wire spirals or braids.
- Advanced reinforcement technology provides the necessary strength to handle extreme pressure conditions.
Construction Materials:
- Similar to ultra-high-pressure hoses, super high-pressure hoses use specialized materials for the inner tube and outer cover to withstand extreme pressures and maintain flexibility.
- Materials may include synthetic rubber, thermoplastic, or other high-performance compounds.
Applications:
- Super high-pressure hoses are used in highly specialized and critical applications where generating and controlling extremely high pressure is essential.
- Applications may include water jetting, hydraulic jacking systems, high-pressure testing, and certain industrial manufacturing processes.
Fittings and End Connections:
- Fittings for super high-pressure hoses are specifically designed to handle the extreme pressures involved.
- Ensuring a secure connection is crucial to prevent leaks or failures under high-pressure conditions.
Flexibility:
- Despite their robust construction, efforts are made to maintain a certain level of flexibility in super high-pressure hoses to facilitate installation and maneuverability in the application environment.
Standards Compliance:
- Manufacturers of super high-pressure hoses adhere to industry standards and regulations to ensure the quality, safety, and performance of their products.
- Relevant standards from organizations such as SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) and ISO (International Organization for Standardization) may apply.
Safety Considerations:
- Due to the extreme pressures involved, safety is of utmost importance when working with super high-pressure hydraulic systems.
- Proper training, equipment, and adherence to safety guidelines are essential to prevent accidents and injuries.

Super high-pressure hydraulic hoses are specialized components used in applications where extreme pressure capabilities are necessary. Proper selection, installation, and maintenance are crucial to ensure the reliability and safety of super high-pressure hydraulic systems

Constant Working Pressure Hoses

Constant working pressure hoses are a type of hydraulic hose designed to maintain a consistent working pressure across a range of sizes. These hoses are engineered to simplify system design by offering a uniform pressure rating, eliminating the need to select different hoses for various pressure requirements within a hydraulic system. The term “constant working pressure” refers to the ability of these hoses to provide a consistent pressure rating regardless of the hose’s size.

Here are key features and considerations for constant working pressure hoses:

Uniform Pressure Rating:
- The primary feature of constant working pressure hoses is that they maintain a consistent pressure rating across different sizes.
- This simplifies the selection and installation process in hydraulic systems, as the same hose can be used for various pressure requirements.
Reinforcement:
- Constant working pressure hoses are typically reinforced with high-tensile steel wire braids or spirals to provide strength and flexibility.
- The reinforcement design contributes to the hoses’ ability to maintain a uniform pressure rating.
Construction Materials:
- The inner tube and outer cover of these hoses are made from materials such as synthetic rubber or thermoplastic, ensuring compatibility with hydraulic fluids and resistance to environmental factors.
Applications:
- Constant working pressure hoses find applications in a variety of industries where maintaining a consistent pressure is essential.
- They are used in hydraulic systems for construction equipment, industrial machinery, mobile equipment, and other applications.
Flexibility:
- These hoses are designed to be flexible, allowing for easy installation and maneuverability within hydraulic systems.
Temperature Range:
- Constant working pressure hoses are engineered to operate within specified temperature ranges, ensuring performance in various environmental conditions.
Fittings and End Connections:
- The hoses are equipped with fittings and end connections that match the constant working pressure design, providing secure connections and preventing leaks.
Standards Compliance:
- Manufacturers of constant working pressure hoses adhere to industry standards, such as those established by organizations like SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) and ISO (International Organization for Standardization).
- Compliance with standards ensures the quality, safety, and performance of these hoses.

Constant working pressure hoses offer the advantage of simplifying system design, streamlining inventory management, and providing flexibility in hydraulic system configurations. Proper selection and installation of these hoses contribute to the efficiency and reliability of hydraulic systems

Multi Spiral Hoses

Multi-spiral hoses, also known as four or six spiral hoses, are a type of hydraulic hose that features multiple layers of high-tensile steel wire spirals in their construction. These spirals provide reinforcement, enhancing the hose’s strength and resistance to high-pressure conditions. Multi-spiral hoses are designed to handle applications where extremely high pressure is a requirement. Here are key features and considerations for multi-spiral hoses:

Pressure Ratings:
- Multi-spiral hoses are engineered to handle very high-pressure conditions, typically ranging from 5,000 psi to well over 10,000 psi.
- The number of wire spirals and the construction design contribute to the hose’s ability to withstand elevated pressure levels.
Reinforcement:
- The reinforcement layer consists of multiple layers of high-tensile steel wire spirals. Common configurations include four-spiral and six-spiral designs.
- The spirals are tightly wound around the hose, providing excellent strength and flexibility.
Inner Tube:
- The inner tube is typically made of synthetic rubber, ensuring compatibility with hydraulic fluids and resistance to abrasion.
- The inner tube forms the innermost layer and comes into direct contact with the hydraulic fluid.
Outer Cover:
- The outer cover is made from synthetic rubber or a rubber-like compound, offering protection against external factors such as abrasion, weather, and environmental elements.
- The outer cover enhances the hose’s durability and resistance to wear.
Applications:
- Multi-spiral hoses are commonly used in heavy-duty hydraulic applications where high pressure and robust construction are critical.
- Applications include construction equipment, mining machinery, and other industrial processes requiring extreme pressure capabilities.
Flexibility:
- Despite their multiple layers of reinforcement, multi-spiral hoses are engineered to provide flexibility, allowing for easy installation and maneuverability within hydraulic systems.
Temperature Range:
- Multi-spiral hoses are designed to operate within specified temperature ranges, ensuring performance in various environmental conditions.
Fittings and End Connections:
- The hoses are equipped with fittings and end connections suitable for high-pressure applications. Properly matched fittings are crucial to ensure a secure connection and prevent leaks.
Standards Compliance:
- Manufacturers of multi-spiral hoses adhere to industry standards, such as those established by organizations like SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) and ISO (International Organization for Standardization).
- Compliance with standards ensures the quality, safety, and performance of these hoses.

Multi-spiral hoses are well-suited for applications where the combination of flexibility and high-pressure resistance is essential. Proper selection and installation of these hoses contribute to the efficiency and reliability of hydraulic systems.

Hydraulic Hoses from Sumiriko Italy